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	<title>Business and Finance Information</title>
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	<link>http://www.richman-richman.com</link>
	<description>Information and Tips for Your Business</description>
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		<title>Self Directed IRA Accounts Top Money Management Solutions</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/self-directed-ira-accounts-top-money-management-solutions/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/self-directed-ira-accounts-top-money-management-solutions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2012 17:00:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Annum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Checkbooks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Commercial Property Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Creditors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Debit Cards]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disbursement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ira Accounts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ira Custodial Fees]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ira Custodian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ira Funds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Litigators]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Manageability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Management Changes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Money Management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Raw Land]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Red Tape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Self Directed Ira]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tax Liens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Traditional Ira Account]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Transaction Fee]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2327</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A self directed IRA account offers freedom that is unmatched with a traditional IRA account. Owning a traditional IRA account requires obtaining approval of an IRA custodian for any money management changes. In the alternative, a self directed IRA account allows one to manage money without the extra red tape of an IRA custodian. In [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">A self directed IRA account offers freedom that is unmatched with a traditional IRA account. Owning a traditional IRA account requires obtaining approval of an IRA custodian for any money management changes. In the alternative, a self directed IRA account allows one to manage money without the extra red tape of an IRA custodian.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition to the enjoyment of additional freedom with a truly self directed IRA account, owners also enjoy a lack of custodial fees. When an IRA custodian manages a traditional IRA, custodial fees can eat into the principal amount of funds in the account. An account owner may even be charged a fee every time that profits are calculated or for simply making a transaction. When IRA funds are contained in an LLC account, then owners only must pay a flat annum fee. This fee is also relatively small compared to custodial fees charged with a traditional Account of IRA.<span id="more-2327"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">An IRA LLC arrangement is beneficial for other reasons. Being able to shield funds from aggressive litigators and creditors is one reason people typically place funds in an IRA LLC account. Once the funds are placed into this type of account, litigators and creditors will be unable to access the funds. In addition to protecting funds in this way, IRA LLC arrangements also cut down on the extraneous fees that one must pay. With a self directed IRA, an account owner does not have to pay a transaction fee each time he or she requests a disbursement check.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The manageability of a self directed IRA account also makes it a solid choice. An owner of this type of account is the only named signor on the account. As a result, all of his or her checkbooks and debit cards are associated with the account.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Funds can be divided in multiple ways with the use of a self directed IRA service. When one chooses this service, he or she can place funds into raw land, commercial property, investment property, foreign real estate, discounted notes and tax liens. To divvy up funds, an account owner only needs to write a simple check. The manageability of these types of accounts is a draw for account owners who appreciate independence in the management of their wealth.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Because no IRA custodian is associated with self directed IRAs, there is no tedious paperwork involved in the process. An IRA custodian can essentially act as a pestering bureaucrat in the retirement planning process. An IRA custodian will be required to report the entire worth of an account of IRA to the government on an annual basis. In addition, an IRA custodian will offer paperwork on the rules governing accounts of IRA and laws affecting them as well. By having a self directed IRA account, one need not worry about these sorts of bureaucrats.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Before you go ahead with a pension account it is a good idea to understand the self directed IRA rules. This is explained on our web site along with other issues such as self directed IRA real estate.</p>
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		<title>Should Public Sector Organisations Care About Introducing E-Billing?</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/should-public-sector-organisations-care-about-introducing-e-billing/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/should-public-sector-organisations-care-about-introducing-e-billing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2012 17:00:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bbc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[British Broadcasting Corporation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Driver Vehicle Licensing Centre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dvlc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Envelopes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fire Service]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[G2b]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government Entities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governmental Entities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Invoice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Invoices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Local Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical Clinics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Government Departments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Receipt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sector Organisations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tax Departments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uk Public Sector]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vehicle Licensing]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2325</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The &#8220;public sector&#8221; is obviously a catch-all term and one which envelopes large national government departments such as defence (including all the armed forces), education (including state-run schools and colleges), employment, social security or tax) and smaller local government entities such as urban and rural councils. In addition, it also includes more directly community-focused organisations [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">The &#8220;public sector&#8221; is obviously a catch-all term and one which envelopes large national government departments such as defence (including all the armed forces), education (including state-run schools and colleges), employment, social security or tax) and smaller local government entities such as urban and rural councils. In addition, it also includes more directly community-focused organisations such as hospitals (of all sizes and kinds), the fire service and the police, etc. Clearly, this represents a wide range of very diverse types of organisation whose needs are likely to vary greatly when it comes to the flow of money in an out. Of course, not all of these organisations send out a bill or invoice or even provide a receipt. However, they all buy products and services of one kind or another and will often have some kind of internal charging method for services rendered (however infrequent this may be).<span id="more-2325"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This means that the vast majority of public sector organisations receive or issue bills (especially where they deal with consumers directly) and the volume can be very high. This is true of large council organisations, medical clinics and tax departments for instance and in some single organisations can run into millions of bills each year. For example, both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Driver Vehicle Licensing Centre (DVLC) in the UK issue over 20 million bills a year to consumers alone. We will therefore assume that for the purposes of this article that we are referring to the whole public sector, which includes Government to Government (G2G), Government to Business (G2B) and Government to Consumer (G2C) billing.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Based on the volumes of invoices generated (estimated to be over 2 billion bills/ invoices a year across the entire UK public sector), the automation of billing and payment collection processes (to create greater efficiency) should be a primary concern of most governmental entities. However, the evidence suggests that the generally slow take up of new approaches and online technology in particular has arisen from both many perceived barriers and a lack of perceived benefits versus commercial companies. Let&#8217;s therefore look at each of these factors in turn.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Perceived Barriers</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Although there are others, there are five main perceptions that public sector organisations often have about e-billing and payment. These are listed below:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">1. Billing projects are IT focused and there is not the time, budget or expertise to tackle this readily. There is also a long list of other IT projects to address</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There are now several &#8220;cloud-based&#8221; billing systems that are fully built and involve minimal IT involvement on the client side. This means that the client expertise and resources needed to support the change can be very low and a solution can be up and running quickly even when other IT projects are a high priority.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">2. Billing software or technology can never be used &#8220;out of the box&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There are several bill presentment and payment options that do not involve &#8220;shipping&#8221; software or even involve much in the way of integration. In a cloud-based solution for example, bills can be presented and payment systems opened up within a few days or weeks at most (even in a large organisation).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">3. Billing vendors will need to provide all necessary project management skills to make a change successful</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This is true but the project management and account management expertise is often very high on the vendor side and frees up a client organisation and its precious resources. In addition, private cloud-based solutions, for example are &#8220;bolted on&#8221; to provide an additional channel and do not disrupt existing processes or technology at all.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">4. The budget for an e-billing and payment project will always be high and is often very hard to control</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">With cloud-based online presentment and payment solutions there is usually no up-front capital costs at all and no maintenance or seat fees to pay. The whole system can be used on a &#8220;pay-as-you-go&#8221; basis. In addition control is provided to the client through the system &#8220;back-end&#8221; so that all activity can be readily seen and reported on in multiple ways to aid decision-making.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">5. There are insufficient internal people resources or expertise to implement a change of this scale (quickly enough or at all).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Because cloud-based solutions are already built, implementation can often be done in days and with only one often part-time internal resource as a liaison. The newly adopted e-billing channel is simply promoted to client&#8217;s consumers or other payers and they can start to use it immediately. This approach therefore tends to take pressure off internal staff rather than add it.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As we can see from the &#8220;other possible responses&#8221; column above then, there are other ways to see this transition which may overcome the particular perceived barrier, especially as new internet based technology and far greater use of online payment processes (such as Internet banking) has emerged in recent years.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Perceived Benefits</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A manager in the public sector can review the commonly perceived benefits of e-billing as easily as a private sector manager can do so. However, he or she may feel that these benefits may not apply as much or even at all in some cases. In the chart below, we have listed six of the major perceived benefits of modern internet based e-billing and payment portals and commented on the likely applicability of each to both private and public sector organisations.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Features of a modern E-billing/payment system: High Capability</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Capability refers to the functional ability to actually use a particular payment type or channel. This includes additional payment options such as payment by cash, credit, debit etc.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Private Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">More and more customers and businesses are going online to view a bill and pay now. Evolving online presentment and payment portals are capable of adding many more capability features constantly and to add to the platforms through which viewing or payment may be rendered (smart phones and tablets for example).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Public Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many public sector organisations have even more restrictions on both viewing a bill and paying it than private sector ones.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">By adding this channel to existing options, both speed and convenience (see later categories) are immediately added and can be used at once, with no up-front capital costs for cash-starved, budget sensitive organisations to have to find.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Both consumers and merchants are likely to seek to use lower cost payments if they can. This is especially the case if they can readily know what the use of each payment will cost them. This data can be used to lower internal expenses and find ways to accelerate cash flow.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Private Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Online presentment is likely to reduce the direct costs of bill preparation, use of paper and envelopes, franking, printing and delivery (even if an email based system and PDF attachment is involved). However, the greater cost savings are in reducing inbound calls and resources needed to make payment and the cost for payment reconciliation. In addition to the above, research suggests that online presentment and payment at one portal actually accelerates cash flow, thus reducing days outstanding and helping to reduce &#8220;float&#8221; costs.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Public Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Public sector organisations of all kinds are likely to benefit even more than private sector ones regarding costs and revenues, as they often have fixed budgets which can only be changed slowly (often with additional resources or capital expenditure which may be hard to fund). For example, the potential to reduce fixed call centre costs and accounting clerical (reconciliation) expenses can arise by introducing a pay-as-you-go cloud based EBPP solution (allowing staff to be redeployed to other projects in the short-term and headcount to be saved in the long-term).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Features of a modern E-billing/payment system: More Convenience</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Convenience refers to the ease of use or &#8220;user-friendliness&#8221; of a payment method. Increasingly online payment is a high preference (especially for people under 50 years of age).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Private Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On online portal can make for a much quicker and easier bill viewing and payment experience. In addition, use can be 24/7 and 365 days of the years and recurrent payment, payment scheduling and automatic alters (both email based and SMS) all add to the convenience.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Public Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Some public sector organisations already have a bill viewing and payment option on their web site, but a third-party system is often an added &#8220;bolt-on&#8221; and may prove to be much more user-friendly and feature rich. It is also likely to provide much greater accessibility (in time and by platform) given rise to much more user satisfaction with the faster/ better experience.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Features of a modern E-billing/payment system: Greater coverage</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Coverage refers to how widely a payment method (s) or system is accepted by merchants/organisations and other recipients of payments, such as businesses receiving payments from suppliers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Private Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">By using a well-designed and complete online presentment and payment solution, the number of payments options and therefore coverage can be immediately increased. This may be to add all branded credit and debit cards, pre-loaded payment cards, cash and even other alternative payment options (such as online wallet or Instant Bank transfer). This gives excellent coverage to the whole population of payees.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Public Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many public sector organisations accept only cheque, direct debit and in some cases cash (at a high cost of providing it as cash kiosks have to be resourced and cash secured and deposited. A good online presentment and payment portal may provide all of these (and a more convenient and cost-effective cash solution) but add other payment types and individual methods. Increasing payment choice adds revenue and accelerates cash flow.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Features of a modern E-billing/payment system: Greater Confidence and Confidentiality</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This refers to a customer&#8217;s belief that a payment will be successfully executed and completed (safely). Confidence rises where arrangements are secure and value does not &#8216;leak&#8217;.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Private Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Although people worry about the security of internet based payments, modern portals are using latest technology to ensure that data is encrypted and risk and anti-fraud safeguards are in place at every level. The use of 3D secure for example helps to massively reduce credit and debit card fraud for instance.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Public Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There are no special factors in public sector organisations over private ones but in actual fact, a good online presentment and payment portal may provide more security and therefore confidence and Confidentially than an in-house system.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Features of a modern E-billing/payment system:Greater environmental &#8220;friendliness&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In today&#8217;s world Governments, Businesses and the consumer expects sustainable and responsible solution and that means being as &#8220;green&#8221; as possible.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Private Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Online presentment and payment starts to eliminate the use of paper and envelopes, local printing and storage and delivery and therefore build &#8220;green&#8221; credentials. In many cases there are substantial direct and indirect cost savings to be obtained</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Benefits to the Public Sector Organisation</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For Government organisations online bill presentment and payment may directly reduce the carbon footprint and even help gain credit/avoid fines when pursuing targets (in local councils for instance). In many public sector organisation (especially the larger -scale billers, savings in reduced paper and electronic rather than physical storage can be a very high % of the carbon footprint costs.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition to the above benefits in each of these five categories, online presentment and payment portals provide for many other valuable features. This includes, easy upload of accounting data files (by many means), file transfer compatibility, to and from all major accounting systems, convenient and useful transactional analytics and cheaper bill-storage and retrieval. In fact, public sector organisations are often required to be able to store and retrieve many years of bills and transactional records, which can now all be done in the third party online bill presentment and payment portal. This means that bills can be easily found, referred to, appended with notes or even resent and a very low cost to the organisation in question.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Every one of the above ultimately can potentially create a much more user-friendly process to send a bill and get it paid for both the organisation and its payees (whether these are other public sector organisations, businesses or consumers). Furthermore, many of the legitimate barriers to entry of the past seemed to have disappeared and the benefits of making the change are now clearer. For this reason, e-billing should now be a key strategy for every public sector organisation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This article was written by Dr Jon Warner of Payswyft (at http://www.payswyft.com/ ). Jon has extensive senior executive experience and has led organizations in a variety of industries through significant transitions to achieve bottom-line results. He is an expert in developing and implementing strategies in operations, marketing, sales, and corporate turnarounds. Jon is currently CEO of PaySwyft in the UK (an innovative on-line billing and payment business) and Chairman of WCOD (a management consulting and publishing business). He can be reached at jon.warner@payswyft.com.</p>
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		<title>Selling Structured Settlement Payments: Part 2 &#8211; Understanding the Present Value of Future Payments</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/selling-structured-settlement-payments-part-2-understanding-the-present-value-of-future-payments/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/selling-structured-settlement-payments-part-2-understanding-the-present-value-of-future-payments/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Feb 2012 17:00:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Absolute Need]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amount Of Time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Annuity Payments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Payment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Car Payments]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Competitive Marketplace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Calculator]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Future Value]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insurance Company]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insurance Settlement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interest Charge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interest Rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mortgage Payment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Passage Of Time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Present Value]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rate Interest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Safe Insurance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Selling Structured Settlement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Settlement Funds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Structured Settlement Payments]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2323</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As called for in a structured settlement, individuals are designated to receive future payments. The payments are issued via an annuity purchased from a large, relatively safe insurance company. Recipients of structured settlement payments sometimes decide that there is an important need to receive settlement funds before the scheduled payment dates. This can be done [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">As called for in a structured settlement, individuals are designated to receive future payments. The payments are issued via an annuity purchased from a large, relatively safe insurance company. Recipients of structured settlement payments sometimes decide that there is an important need to receive settlement funds before the scheduled payment dates. This can be done pursuant to an assignment process that is regulated by the law. At some point in that process, the seller must agree to a price.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">What then is a reasonable price for money scheduled to be paid in the future? How does the &#8220;market&#8221; determine that price? An informed seller can feel protected if they understand two things: 1) The method used to determine the Present Value of a future payment, and 2) The absolute need to confirm that the competitive marketplace has played a role in determining that Present Value.<span id="more-2323"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The Present Value is based on a mathematical discounting process taking into account the amount of time between now and when future money is due. A payment is therefore &#8220;discounted&#8221; from its future full value back to its Present Value using a discount rate plus the passage of time. A financial calculator, easily found online, will determine the Present Value of any future dollar amount. The calculation requires input of the future value (the amount(s) scheduled to be paid under the settlement), the date that you are scheduled to receive the payment(s) being sold, and the discount rate (interest rate) being charged. Anyone with a mortgage payment, or a car payment, already understands the concept (whether they know it or not). The Present Value of a series of car payments was the price paid for the car (minus any down payment). It is a given that the total of the car payments is more than the amount financed, due to an interest charge. In the same way, the future settlement/annuity payments will be more than a seller receives today due to the discount/interest charge used by the purchaser to create the Present Value. The Present Value is the price received for the future payments.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is very important for the seller to make sure that the market, made up of all interested purchasers, provide the lowest possible interest charge. Competition takes care of that, as it does for the sale of anything. Summary: Sellers of structured settlement payments can feel comfortable that the sales process is regulated by the law, but the individual seller is fully responsible for forcing the market to work in his or her favor.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
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		<item>
		<title>Penny Auction</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/penny-auction/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/penny-auction/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 17:42:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Auction Bidding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Auction Websites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Auctioneer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bid Price]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bidders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bidding Strategy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bidding System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colleagues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Concert Tickets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dollar Auction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Game Theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Holiday Packages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Opponent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Participant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Popular Items]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Refundable Fee]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reputation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Retail Price]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Timer]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2309</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Penny auction is a fee auction bidding system wherein a small non refundable fee is charged per participant in order to place the first incremental bid. Post this; the price as well as time keeps on increasing with each successive bid that is placed. The participant, who is the last to place his bid when [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Penny auction is a fee auction bidding system wherein a small non refundable fee is charged per participant in order to place the first incremental bid. Post this; the price as well as time keeps on increasing with each successive bid that is placed. The participant, who is the last to place his bid when the timer comes down to zero, is the winning bidder. The winner of the Penny auction has to pay the final bid price for an item which is much lower than its retail price. The auctioneer makes money through the winning bid payment as well as fees received for each individual bid. There are a large number of Penny auction websites available with some of them even auctioning popular items like iPods, holiday packages, <a href="http://www.stubhub.com/concert-tickets/">concert tickets</a>, etc.<span id="more-2309"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The entire concept of bid fee Penny auction is based on the &#8220;Dollar Auction&#8221;, propounded by economist Martin Shubik along with his colleagues. More than the knowledge of placing bids, in order to win a Penny auction one must be aware of the Game Theory and the tactics to intimidate your opponent. This holds particularly true for power bidders. Power bidders in a auction are those bidders who bid to win, with their bidding costs far exceeding the item&#8217;s actual value. If you take a look at the Penny auction&#8217;s winning history, you will observe that at least once in his entire term, a power bidder has spent many times over the actual price of the product. Power bidders follow such tactics in order to intimidate others and gain a reputation, so as to dare others not to mess with them at any costs. In this manner, a simple auction becomes a psychological game. It&#8217;s a proven fact that once a bidder has shown himself to be a power bidder, the chances of him winning all subsequent bids at a price much lower than the actual cost of the item increase manifold. This way the bidder can also make up for the initial over spending.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">But this power bidding strategy used to win a Penny auction has its own fall out. In a PA, if one power bidder comes into a head on collision with another of his kind, neither of them will get a deal and only one will win, and that too at an extremely high price. Thus the deal is to avoid getting into Penny auction burnout. While bidding, you need to take the game seriously but do remember that it is a game, so don&#8217;t forget to have fun. Try and bid for only those items for which you have a need; avoid bidding on every other item unnecessarily otherwise you will end up spending a lot of money on things which you do not want. When the Penny auction is not going as per your plans, step back and take a little break to relax yourself. And most importantly, learn to exercise control over yourself. Before stepping into a Penny auction you must know how much money you can stand to lose and where to draw the line.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Being humans, all of us want more value for our money spent. And the best way to experience this thing is to bid in a Penny auction. But one must remember to set boundaries and play the game wisely instead of getting into ego clashes, which will ultimately take away all the fun and leave you frustrated.</p>
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		<title>Saver Or Investor &#8211; Which Is Best?</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/saver-or-investor-which-is-best/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/saver-or-investor-which-is-best/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 17:47:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Assets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bank Deposits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Creating Wealth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disaster]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dollar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investment Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Money]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[No Doubt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Property Markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Relationship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Step By Step]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taking A Closer Look]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2331</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What&#8217;s the difference between a Saver and an Investor and who is the most successful? Taking a closer look at this question there is no doubt that there is a close relationship between being a successful investor and a good saver. While many successful investors may &#8216;flaunt&#8217; their wealth, the most successful tend to be [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">What&#8217;s the difference between a Saver and an Investor and who is the most successful?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Taking a closer look at this question there is no doubt that there is a close relationship between being a successful investor and a good saver. While many successful investors may &#8216;flaunt&#8217; their wealth, the most successful tend to be very astute and conscious of where every dollar is being spent and hence showing all the traits of a successful saver.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A person who is first and foremost just a saver can do very well for him/herself. They find a saving in everything they do and this will eventually create a significant difference to their wealth, irrespective of their income. Generally, savers will be conservative by nature and this will be reflected in their investment style with safe, bank deposits being a favourite.<span id="more-2331"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">An investor on the other hand, will seek to create wealth by investing their own funds (and often with borrowed funds) into a variety of assets in the hope of creating wealth. When it pays off, they can be extremely successful, when it fails, it can be disastrous.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is not unusual to see investors becoming very successful only to fail miserably by overextending their positions with borrowed funds. This has been highlighted in the last few years with share and property markets collapsing sending many a successful investor broke.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">How does an investor fail so badly? Debt is normally at the heart of any investor&#8217;s disaster with greed not far behind. Here is step by step example of how it can fall apart for the investor. ($100 used for easy explanation)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Invest own funds of $100 in an asset (eg shares, property etc). This initially earns a good return Investor starts thinking, &#8220;This is easy, I can make more money if I had more money!&#8221;Borrow $100 from the bank, now has $200 investedInvestor gets a little cocky and starts living the extravagant lifestyleAsset drops in value &#8211; &#8220;Don&#8217;t panic, things will come good, just hang in there&#8221;, the investor saysAsset keeps dropping and now valued at less than 50% of the $200 investedThe bank wants its $100 back &#8211; quickly! The bank sells the asset and harasses the investor for the balance i.e. the bank wants all its $100 back.The investor has to start selling other assets. The investor now has less than zero invested (negative equity) and often a lifestyle of a millionaire that can&#8217;t be sustained &#8211; Game over.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The saver does not take as many risks as the investor and certainly has little interest for an extravagant lifestyle. Hence a more secure future awaits the saver, albeit with limited upside.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">So, back to the question, which is best, a saver of an investor? A balance between the two is the logical way to go. By being an over-cautious saver, it can be hard to get ahead particularly in the current &#8216;low&#8217; interest rate environment. Investors need to think like a conservative saver and make sure they can always survive a disappointing investment and therefore benefit from the investments that come good.</p>
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		<title>Professional Help For Repairing Your Credit</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/professional-help-for-repairing-your-credit/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/professional-help-for-repairing-your-credit/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 17:35:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Best Bet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Counselor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Repair Company]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Repair Specialist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Score]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Scores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Creditors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Education Degree]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Goals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Mess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Situation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Going Back To School]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Higher Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Predicament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Principal Amounts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Professional Credit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Repair Business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Repair Businesses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Repairing Your Credit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Time Constraints]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2329</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To repair credit, it is possible to go it alone, but it is easier to achieve the best results by enlisting the help of a professional. While people can create their own budget and sell things to help pay off their debt, they still need a professional credit counselor who can negotiate with their creditors [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">To repair credit, it is possible to go it alone, but it is easier to achieve the best results by enlisting the help of a professional. While people can create their own budget and sell things to help pay off their debt, they still need a professional credit counselor who can negotiate with their creditors in order to repair credit through lower principal amounts and interest rates.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A company that works to repair credit for their clients and earn them a higher credit score can be vital in helping them achieve their financial goals (and to help eliminate the hassle of aggressive creditors). When consumers have low credit scores, it can affect many areas of their lives &#8211; like getting a house, going back to school for a higher education degree, or even just to get a car to drive to and from work. However, many people in this predicament do not know where to turn or what to do next to repair credit to meet those goals.<span id="more-2329"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">That&#8217;s where a professional credit repair business comes in. These kinds of companies can help people repair credit in a specific amount of time. If anyone is looking to repair credit in a year to buy a home, for example, hiring a credit repair specialist to work on their case may be the best bet to get their financial situation back on track within certain time constraints.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Credit repair businesses know how to successfully navigate the system in order to help their clients get back on top. The businesses that know how to repair credit have seen all kinds of situations and know how to stitch together a solution based on all that they have seen. Even if someone hires a credit repair company, however, it will take time to straighten out any financial mess.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There are many options and strategies available to those who repair credit for a living. However, most businesses that repair credit will first obtain a copy of a client&#8217;s credit score and credit report to see what their debt picture looks like. The credit repair specialist will scan their credit report to see if there are any inaccurate reports &#8211; like if someone has stolen their identity and racked up debt in their name. Other times, these inaccuracies take the form of mistakes that negatively affect credit &#8211; for instance, a closed out credit card that still is considered open by one agency</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">After the credit repair specialist has gone over the credit report with the client, he or she will take a look at the client&#8217;s finances and spending habits; then, the specialist will offer some ways to repair credit, like reducing the amount of money going out of the client&#8217;s household budget and getting money flowing in. A credit repair specialist may also help establish a spending budget.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition to working with clients, the credit repair specialist also works with their creditors to get out of collections, negotiate payment plans, and generally work on ways to get their debt ratio down. The best agencies that work to repair credit will make sure the clients have a full understanding of their finances and teach them how to make better choices in the future.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When choosing an agency to repair credit, do a background check with the local Better Business Bureau to see if there are any outstanding complaints with the company. Also do a general Internet search to see if any complaints have appeared on other Internet message/complaint boards. Beware of any credit repair company that asks for a large, advance payment prior to working out a solution for you. This typically signifies a scam.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">With enough time and patience, it is possible to find an agency that can help repair credit for just about anyone.</p>
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		<title>Coal Mining Business and Investment</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/coal-mining-business-and-investment/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/coal-mining-business-and-investment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 00:23:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tips]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Business Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coal Companies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coal Mining]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Local Stores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Many People]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mining Companies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mining Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mining Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Money]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prospective Business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Source Of Energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Thermal Power Plant]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2304</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In our life, we need a lot of products in order to accomplish our needs. The products that we need can be found in local stores and online stores because there are many companies which provide various products in the intention of supporting many people in fulfilling their needs and the company also have intention [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">In our life, we need a lot of products in order to accomplish our needs. The products that we need can be found in local stores and online stores because there are many companies which provide various products in the intention of supporting many people in fulfilling their needs and the company also have intention to achieve profit.<span id="more-2304"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Moreover, for source of energy many people use coal. For achieving coal for the source of energy, there are many coal companies that run their project in <strong><em><a href="http://www.prophecycoal.com/news_2011_jun24_Prophecy_mid_year_letter.php" target="_blank">thermal power plant</a></em></strong> in which it can create coal for mining.  By doing project in coal mining, the companies can earn a lot of profits because there are also many investors that invest their money for the mining project. The business of coal mining can bring us to the high income. This is a very prospective business. As we know, there are lots of people who need coal for their various kinds of appliance. Cooking is one thing that people can do with coal.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition, we can also see that many coal companies do their program in <strong><em><a href="http://www.prophecycoal.com/news_2011_nov21_prophecy_granted_landmark_chandgana_power_plant_license.php" target="_blank">TPP</a> </em></strong>project in which it takes a big consideration from many investors to be able to join the investment in this kind of project.</p>
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		<title>The New Regulatory Landscape for High Frequency Trading in 2012</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/the-new-regulatory-landscape-for-high-frequency-trading-in-2012/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/the-new-regulatory-landscape-for-high-frequency-trading-in-2012/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Co Location]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Computerized Trading]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Difference In Time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Diversified Firms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dow Jones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dow Jones Industrial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dow Jones Industrial Average]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[File Servers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Five Months]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frantic Pace]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Frequency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History Of The Dow Jones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Millisecond]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regulatory Agencies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regulatory Landscape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scrutiny]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Securities And Exchange Commission]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Speed Computer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Unfair Advantage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States Securities]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2246</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Traders who take part in high frequency trading are using advanced technologies in their desire to be successful. They trade securities such as stocks or options using very sophisticated computerized algorithms. There is a frantic pace to high frequency trading. Positions are held for very brief periods of time, sometimes for no more than just [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Traders who take part in high frequency trading are using advanced technologies in their desire to be successful. They trade securities such as stocks or options using very sophisticated computerized algorithms. There is a frantic pace to high frequency trading. Positions are held for very brief periods of time, sometimes for no more than just a few seconds. These traders may literally make thousands of trades every day. Usually these traders are employed by large diversified firms. One of the biggest problems of this type of trading is the sensitivity it has to the markets&#8217; processing speed.<span id="more-2246"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">On May 6, 2010, the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped approximate 1,000 points. This event has become known as the &#8220;flash crash.&#8221; Fortunately, within a few minutes, it had recovered this loss. The loss, however, was the single biggest loss in the history of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The event was investigated for nearly five months. Eventually it was determined that this wild swing was, in all probability, caused by high frequency trading. Because of this, this type of computerized trading has been under very close scrutiny by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the things that the SEC has been closely examining is co-location. This involves the location of dealers and file servers. The difference in time of as little as a millisecond can make a huge difference in these types of trades. Companies which utilize co-location are seen to have an unfair advantage, and this is something that the SEC is attempting to eliminate.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">There is also a concern that this type of trading can have negative effects on investors all over the world. This is to be expected when one considers the fact that more than 65% of all stocks traded are done so with this trading method. Many regulatory agencies around the world are attempting to completely eliminate this type of trading. They see the use of extremely high-speed computers as the giving of an unfair advantage to certain traders.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Other issues that the SEC is looking into are dark pools trading and naked access trading. With dark pools trading, prices are not displayed. With naked access trading, brokers allow clients to make trades without supervision. All of these are still legal, but more and more, scrutiny will be placed on traders to ensure fairness and to make sure there are no more flash crashes.</p>
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		<title>The Benefits of Donating to a Charity</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/the-benefits-of-donating-to-a-charity/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/the-benefits-of-donating-to-a-charity/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boat Donations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Donate Boat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inner Satisfaction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paperwork]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[People]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tax Advantage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tax Preparer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taxes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yacht Donations]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2244</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There many reasons why you would want to consider being charitable. For some people, it is the inner satisfaction that they get from knowing that they are doing something to help other individuals. It is also important for you to consider, however, that it is not only something that is going to benefit others, but [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">There many reasons why you would want to consider being charitable. For some people, it is the inner satisfaction that they get from knowing that they are doing something to help other individuals. It is also important for you to consider, however, that it is not only something that is going to benefit others, but if you donate things properly, you may be able to benefit from it as well. This is especially true when you are donating a larger item, such as if you are going to donate a boat or a yacht. Donations of that type have a significant tax advantage for individuals who are making the donation, provided they do things properly from the start.<span id="more-2244"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One thing that you will certainly want to consider is the fact that there are going to need to be arrangements made in advance for you to donate one of these larger items. It is really going to depend upon the charity that you are using in order to make the donation as to what type of arrangements need to be made. For some, you are going to need to arrange to have the boat or other large items delivered directly to the charity. At other times, they are going to make all of the arrangements necessary in order to pick it up from your location.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Have you considered what is going to be done as far as taxes are concerned? It is important for you to make sure that this is done properly, because it can make a difference in how much off of your taxes you are going to receive. The last thing that you would want to do is to go into this blind, as it can also cause you to get audited. In some cases, you are going to need to have this information provided by your tax preparer, but at other times, the charity is going to have all the facilities in order to take care of this for you. That tends to be the most convenient option that is available, as they can provide you with the paperwork at the time that you actually make the donation.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Have you given any consideration as to where you are going to donate your boat? It is important for you to consider this because there are many charities that may be covered. For the most part, the company that is going to take the large item off of your hands is going to be a middleman that will take care of donating the money to the charities. It would be to your benefit to find out who they represent and to make sure that you are able to direct the money where it is needed the most.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">As long as you make a wise choice in the company that you are going to use, you will find that it is a very easy thing to do. Just a few phone calls and answering some questions can get the ball rolling, which will help you to donate the item that you want and give you the benefits that go along with it.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
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		<title>The Weighted Average Cost of Capital or WACC Explained</title>
		<link>http://www.richman-richman.com/the-weighted-average-cost-of-capital-or-wacc-explained/</link>
		<comments>http://www.richman-richman.com/the-weighted-average-cost-of-capital-or-wacc-explained/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Feb 2012 17:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[break]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Business Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate Tax Rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cost Of Debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cost Of Equity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exact Percentage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Friend Harry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Interest Rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Percentage Number]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Personal Investment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Proportion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Proportions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rate Of Return]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Return On Equity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taking Into Consideration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wacc Formula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weighted Average Cost Of Capital]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weights]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.richman-richman.com/?p=2242</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Cost of capital comes from either cost of debt or cost of equity. It is important to know your cost of capital so that you can compare it to the rate of return of your business or project. The rate of return of your business or project should be equal to or higher than your [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Cost of capital comes from either cost of debt or cost of equity.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is important to know your cost of capital so that you can compare it to the rate of return of your business or project. The rate of return of your business or project should be equal to or higher than your cost of capital; so that your business or project can break-even or earn a profit.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">If the capital used for your business comes from borrowing from the bank at, say, 5% interest rate, then your cost of capital is 5%. If the capital used for your business comes from the personal investment of your friend Harry who expects a 10% return on equity, then your cost of capital is 10%. Simple!<span id="more-2242"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The problem is this: What if&#8230; the capital of your business comes from a combination of both borrowing from the bank and the personal investment of your friend Harry? What will be your &#8220;cost&#8221; now? Will it be 5% (same as the bank&#8217;s interest rate) or will it be 10% (same as Harry&#8217;s expected return)?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I&#8217;m sure you can already see that logically, it would be something in between 5% and 10%!</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">So, what number exactly? Obviously, you cannot simply guess it. You need a formula which will give you the exact percentage in between 5% and 10%. This is where the WACC or Weighted Average Cost of Capital Formula comes in. It simply and easily gives you an exact % after taking into consideration a) the cost of debt, b) the cost of equity, c) the proportion (or &#8220;weight&#8221;) of your capital which is from debt, d) the proportion (or &#8220;weight&#8221;) of your capital which is from equity, and e) the corporate tax rate in your country.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When the WACC formula plugs these things all together, it will give you the percentage number in between 5% and 10% that you&#8217;re looking for&#8230; and you&#8217;ll know your &#8220;exact&#8221; cost of capital based on the different proportions or &#8220;weights&#8221; of how much of your capital comes from either debt or equity. Simplified, the formula looks like this:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>WACC</strong> = (Debt Proportion)(Cost of Debt %)(1 &#8211; tax rate %) + (Equity Proportion)(Cost of Equity %)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">People who find it difficult to use formulas from mere written representations may easily see how they are applied step-by-step &#8220;in action&#8221; on various online tutoring video websites and sites like YouTube. However, for business owners and general managers, knowing the step-by-step calculation may not be necessary because of today&#8217;s multitude of free online calculators on the internet as well as calculator functions on modern scientific calculators or even smartphone apps; which allow users to automatically and instantly find results with the push of a button.</p>
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